Which psychological theory is associated with stress responses?

Cannon's fight-or-flight response is the correct answer because this theory specifically addresses how the body reacts to perceived threats or stress. Developed by psychologist Walter Cannon in the early 20th century, this concept describes the physiological changes that occur when an individual encounters a stressful situation. When stressed, the body prepares to either confront the danger or escape from it, leading to various responses such as increased heart rate, heightened alertness, and the release of stress hormones like adrenaline.

This theory is vital for understanding stress responses, as it highlights both the biological and psychological mechanisms involved in reacting to stressors. It lays the groundwork for subsequent research into stress and coping, making it foundational in the study of psychological responses to stress.

The other theories presented do not focus specifically on stress responses in this manner. For instance, Maslow's hierarchy of needs relates to motivation and personal development, while Pavlov's classical conditioning and Skinner's operant conditioning pertain to learning behaviors rather than immediate physiological responses to stress.